Production and Physiological Parameters of Broiler Chickens Administered Chilled Drinking Water under High Ambient Temperature During Finisher Period
Production and Physiology of Broiler Chickens
Abstract
High environmental temperature is of great concern in production of broiler chickens in the tropics, and this experiment was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative effect of chilled drinking water on the production and physiological parameters of broiler chickens reared in the tropics. This 56-day experiment contained 3 treatments (T0, T1, and T2), replicated 3 times to contain 16 birds per replicate. T0 (control) was offered non-chilled drinking water without increasing ambient temperature; T1 was offered non-chilled drinking water with an increased ambient temperature of 30°C between 11:30 – 15:30 GMT, daily; T2 was offered chilled drinking water (8-10 ºC) with the increased ambient temperature of 30°C between 11:30 – 15:30 GMT, daily. The total body weight gain of the birds was similar (P>0.05) in T0 and T2, which were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of T1. Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T0 than in T1 and T2, which were similar (P>0.05), while feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 than in T0 and T2, which were similar (P>0.05). Water intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 than in T1, which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the water intake of T0 chickens. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC) count were similar (P>0.05) between T0 and T2, which were significantly (P<0.05) higher than values for T1. Packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte and platelet counts, and blood coagulation time were similar (P>0.01) between T0 and T2, which were significantly (P<0.01) higher than those of T1. The serum globulin of T0 chickens was similar (P>0.05) to that of T2, but significantly (P<0.05) higher than the serum globulin of T1 chickens, which was similar (P>0.05) to that of T2. Serum sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T0 than in T1 and T2, which were similar (P>0.05), while serum hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 than in T1 which was similar (P>0.05) to that of T0, and that of T0 similar to that of T2. Respiratory rate and cloacal temperature were significantly (P ≤ 0.01) different among the treatments (T1>T2>T0), while body temperature was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 than in T0 and T2, which were similar (P>0.05). Therefore, administering chilled drinking water (8-10 ºC) to broiler chickens during periods of high ambient temperature can ameliorate heat stress through improved FCR, weight gain, stabilization of blood parameters and constituents, and reduction of high respiratory rate, body, and cloacal temperatures.
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