Study on Major Ectoparasites and Associated Skin Diseases of Ruminants

Samson Amanuel; Temesgen Kassa

Samson Amanuel Addis Ababa University
Temesgen Kassa Ethiopian institute of agricultural research https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8006-624X

Keywords: Associated skin disease, Ectoparasite, Prevalence, Ruminants

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 to evaluate the occurrence of ectoparasites and associated skin diseases in ruminants in and around Bishoftu town, central Ethiopia. A total of 437 ruminants (216 cattle, 141 sheep, and 80 goats) brought to the open-air Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, were sampled using simple random sampling. Accordingly, the occurrence of ectoparasites and associated skin diseases was found to be 59% (258), and out of these animals, 195 (44.6%) were infected with ectoparasites, of which 111 (25.4%) were bovine, 27 (6.2%) were caprine, and 57 (13%) were ovine. The major ectoparasite species identified were Amblyomma variegatum (13%), A. gemma (0.7%), A. cohaerens (1.8%), A. nymph (3.2%), H. truncatum (2.7%), Boophilus decoloratus (6.2%), Rhipicephalus pulchellus (1.8%), R. eversi (0.7%), Damalinia ovis (3%), Linognatus vituli (5.5%), Psoroptes (0.7%), Demodex bovis (0.5%), Ctenocephalides canis (0.7%) and Ct. felis (5.03). On the other hand, the associated skin diseases infesting animals were: 63 (14.4%), lumpy skin disease (0.9%), sheep pox (5.5%), goat pox (5%), dermatophilosis (0.2%), contagious ecthyma in caprine (2.1%), and contagious ecthyma in ovine (0.7%). The findings of the present study suggest that ectoparasites and associated skin diseases in and around Bishoftu are still widespread and economically important constraints for the productivity and use of ruminants. Hence, stringent adherence to the control of ectoparasites and associated skin diseases is required as a responsibility of the concerned government body based on professional research results in the study area.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abebayehu, T., Endris, F., Berhanu, M., Rahmeto, A., Solomon, M., Endrias, Z. (2011). Study on the prevalence of ectoparasite infestation of ruminants in and around Kombolcha and damage to fresh goat pelts and wet blue (pickled) skin at Kombolch tannery, Northestern Ethiopia. Ethiop. Vet. J. 15, 87–101.

Abebe, R., Tatek, M., Megersa, B., Sheferaw, D. ( 2011). Prevalence of small ruminant ectoparasites and associated risk factors in selected districts of Tigray Region, Ethiopia. Glob. Vet. 7, 433–437.

Agarwal, D.P., Gupta, A.R. (2010). Management of ectoparasites of livestock. Dep. Med. QUAT-Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.

Aiello, S.E., Mays, A. (1998). The Merck Veterinary Manual. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck & Co. Inc 8, 2187–2197.

Alemnesh, B., Getachew, T., Tariku, J. (2018). Assesment of quality and marketing of hide and skin in Adamitulu Jidokombolcha and Bora Woreda in East Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Int. J. Livest. Prod. 9, 269–279.

Awad, W.S., Nadra-Elwgoud, M.I., El-Sayed, A.A. (2008). Diagnosis and treatment of bovine, ovine and equine dermatophilosis. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 4, 367–374.

Beshahwured, S., 1991. Outbreak of lumpy skin disease in and around Wolliso. FVM, AAU, Debre-Zeit DVM Thesis.

Beyecha, K., Kumsa, B., Beyene, D. (2014). Ectoparasites of goats in three agroecologies in central Oromia, Ethiopia. Comp. Clin. Path. 23, 21–28.

Carter, G.R., Cole Jr, J.R. (2012). Diagnostic procedure in veterinary bacteriology and mycology. Academic Press.

Chanie, M., Negash, T., Sirak, A. (2010). Ectoparasites are the major causes of various types of skin lesions in small ruminants in Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42, 1103–1109.

CSA, 2021. (private peasant holdings). Agricultural sample survey 2020/21 [2013 e.c.], Vol. II statistical bulletin 587 2021.

Dawit, T., Mulugeta, A., Tilaye, D., Mengistie, T. (2012). Ectoparasites of small ruminants presented at Bahir dar veterinary clinic, Northwest Ethiopia. African J. Agric. Res. 7, 4669–4674.

Fentahun, T., Woldemariam, F., Chanie, M., Berhan, M. (2012). Prevalence of ectoparasites on small ruminants in and around Gondar Town. Am. J. Sci. Res. 7, 106–111.

Kabir, M.H.B., Mondal, M.M.H., Eliyas, M., Mannan, M.A., Hashem, M.A., Debnath, N.C., Miazi, O.F., Mohiuddin, C., Kashem, M.A., Islam, M.R. (2011). An epidemiological survey on investigation of tick infestation in cattle at Chittagong District, Bangladesh. African J. Microbiol. Res. 5, 346–352.

Kassa, B. (2005). Standard veterinary laboratory diagnostic manual. Vol. III. MOA Addis Ababa, Ethiop.

Kassaye, E., Moser, I., Woldemeskel, M. (2003). Epidemiological study on clinical bovine dermatophilosis in northern Ethiopia. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 110, 422–425.

Maxie, M.G., Jubb, K.V.F., Kennedy, P.C., Palmer, N. (2007). Judd, Kennedy, and Palmer’s pathology of domestic animals. Elsevier Saunders.

Milnes, A.S., Green, L.E. (1999). Prevalence of lice on dairy cattle in England and the bordering counties of Wales. Vet. Rec. 145, 357–362.

Nicholson, M.J., Butterworth, M.H. (1986). A guide to condition scoring of zebu cattle. ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD).

NMSA. (2013). Rainfall and temperature data of Bishoftu; National Metrological Service Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Onu, S.H., Shiferaw, T.Z. (2013). Prevalence of ectoparasite infestations of cattle in Bench Maji zone, southwest Ethiopia. Vet. World 6, 291–294.

Radostits, O.M., Gay, C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D. (2007). A textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses. Vet. Med. 10th Ed. Bailliere, Tindall, London, UK 1576–1580.

Sheferaw, D., Degefu, H., Banteyirgu, D. (2010). Epidemiological study of small ruminant mange mites in three agro-ecological zones of Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia. Ethiop. Vet. J. 14, 31–38.

Solomon, A., Authority, E.L.M. (2003). Livestock marketing in Ethiopia: a review of structure, performance, and development initiatives.

Soulsby, E.J.L. (1982). Helminths. Arthropods Protozoa Domest. Anim. 291.

Taylor, M.A., Coop, R.L., Wall, R.L. (2015). Veterinary parasitology. John Wiley & Sons.

Thrusfield, M., 2005. Veterinary Epidemiology, 3rd edn Blackwell Publishing.

Tiki, B., Addis, M. (2011). Distribution of ixodid ticks on cattle in and around Holeta town, Ethiopia. Glob. Vet. 7, 527–531.

Urquhart, G.M., Armour, J., Duncan, J.L., Dunn, A.M., Jennings, F.W. 1996). Veterinary parasitology.(2nd edn), Black Well Science. Univ. Glas. Scotland, UK 181–188.

Woldemeskel, M. (2000). Dermatophilosis: a threat to livestock production in Ethiopia. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 107, 144–146.

Woldemeskel, M., Taye, G. (2002). Prevalence of bovine dermatophilosis in a tropical highland region of Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 34, 189–194.

Yacob, H.T. (2014). Ectoparasitism: threat to Ethiopian small ruminant population and tanning industry. J. Vet. Med. Anim. Heal. 6, 25–33.

Yacob, H.T., Nesanet, B., Dinka, A. (2008a). Part II: Prevalences of major skin diseases in cattle, sheep and goats at Adama Veterinary Clinic, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Rev. Med. Vet. (Toulouse). 159, 455–461.

Yacob, H.T., Yalew, T.A., Dinka, A.A. (2008b). Part I: ectoparasite prevalences in sheep and in goats in and around Wolaita soddo, Southern Ethiopia. Rev. Med. Vet. (Toulouse). 159, 450–454.

Yeruham, I., Rosen, S., Perl, S. (1997). An apparent flea‐allergy dermatitis in kids and lambs. J. Vet. Med. Ser. A 44, 391–397.