Genetic Management in Conservation Programs: A Review
Genetic Gonservation
Abstract
Loss of local or native breeds occurs through breed replacement (primarily by imported or exotic breeds) or by dilution through cross-breeding (generally indiscriminate rather than planned). These losses in both cases generally occur for reasons unrelated to productivity. To assess the real genetic effects of breed loss or within-population selection, suitable measures of genetic variation must be available. The subject of this review is the genetics management of animal genetic resources, namely of domesticated livestock species and breeds. The conservation program itself, the necessity of identifying and prioritizing species that are threatened, and regular monitoring systems for detecting changes in the status of animal populations are all given attention. The necessity to combine preservation and better use is underlined as practical conservation challenges are assessed. The possibilities of using animal genetic resources in biotechnology are described. The institutional, financial, and administrative frameworks required for a conservation program, as well as its regional and national components, are discussed. The recommendations given are directed toward Institutional Infrastructures, Monitoring Practices, Breed Development and Conservation Programs, Biotechnology, and Legal Aspects.
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References
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